The fire kills thousands of lives every year. In 1998 and 1999 alone, there were 4,035 and 3,570 civilian fire deaths in the United States. The most deadly fires often occur in industrial environments. In 1999, there were 17,500 fires in the industrial sector, an increase of 9.4% over 1998, resulting in the death of 120 civilians and a loss of $1.4 billion in property. In 1999, the industry was plagued by deadly industrial fires. For example, a fire broke out at a bolt factory in Marysville, Fla., in January, killing two workers. Then in February, a fire broke out at Rouge Steel in Dearborn, Michigan, killing several employees; a fire broke out at a conceptual science factory in Allentown, Pennsylvania, killing five people; a power plant in Kansas City, Missouri caused one person Death, 21 people were injured. Unfortunately, this list is still going on. This series of deadly fires has spurred a recovery in national fire safety and prevention awareness.

　　In the past decade, emergency lighting technology has been a significant advancement in the field of fire safety. Development of emergency lighting technology Ten years ago, most export signs used incandescent lamps. These lights last only about 5,000 hours and are less energy efficient. For normal operation, these lights need to be replaced twice a year. Neglecting this frequent maintenance can have devastating consequences. The shortcomings of incandescent emergency lighting have led to the replacement of fluorescent light sources. Although it provides a longer lamp life, lasts about 10,000 hours, and requires only annual maintenance, the operating cost of fluorescent lamps is high. Today's export logo uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are the most economical and energy-efficient light source for more than 10 years.

　　Advantages of LED Emergency Lighting Systems Introduced in 1969, LED is a composite semiconductor device that converts electricity into light when biased forward. Today, advanced high-brightness LEDs are being installed in a variety of lighting applications. The advantages of LEDs include their compact size, low wattage, low heat, long life, uniform brightness and compatibility with integrated circuits. The LED emits red or green light depending on its chemical composition. Red is traditionally the preferred wavelength. Since red light is 6.5 times less than blue light scattering, it penetrates better in a smoke-filled environment. In recent years, the green export mark has been favored because the sensitivity of the human eye increases as the wavelength increases. The die-cast aluminum exit logo with LED light is reliable, sturdy and aesthetically pleasing. These basic features make exports ideal for a variety of applications, such as high-end buildings, educational institutions, and hazardous locations that require emergency lighting. These types of exit signs with LED lights do not generate heat and are suitable for wet locations, which is important because fire sprinkler systems are often activated.

　　Choosing an LED emergency lighting source does not perform the same operation for all LED lights. Eligibility to consider when selecting an emergency light source includes: * Al In Gap and Al Ga As. The first qualification is to choose the best form of LED light. Two types are most widely used in today's export mark market: Al In Gap and Allumium Gallium Arsinide (Al Ga As). The Al In Gap LED lamp, introduced in the 1990s, has a wavelength of 630 (nm) and provides extremely stable long-term light output. At 20 ma, the minimum intensity is 1,000 (mcd) and the typical intensity is 4,000 (mcd). The Al Ga As technology has a very high luminous efficiency and is capable of producing high light output. Introduced in the 1980s, its wavelength is 644 (nm), but its lifetime is shorter than Al In Gap LED technology. At 20 ma, the minimum intensity is 290 (mcd) and the typical intensity is 750 (mcd). * Self-diagnosis.

　　Unfortunately, research has shown that many emergency lighting systems are neither properly maintained nor inspected. In most emergency situations, the current power supply fails and a backup battery is needed to power the emergency system. These batteries may not work properly after a fire without regular maintenance. Self-diagnosis of emergency lighting is the easiest way to combat this neglect. This type of circuit typically monitors the voltage and function of a unit every 30 days, monitoring for 30 minutes every six months. Some products have an indicator light that tells you when to replace any defective parts. * laser light. Usually during a fire, the smoke obstructs the chevron direction indicator on the far exit sign.

　　Therefore, emergency laser technology was developed in 1998 and works with the export logo. With this new technology, some systems use approved 3a laser options to direct occupants into smoke. This lighting system activates the red laser beam in emergency mode and provides up to 40 feet of directional light depending on the intensity of the smoke. The laser beam can point to the exit path, which will guide you without hesitation before you are close enough to read the exit sign. Soon, laser lighting will be incorporated into more emergency products. In addition, the strobe function will be designed as an exit sign for the hearing impaired because they cannot hear the fire. * Tamper-proof and easy to install. Tamper protection and ease of installation are very important to the owner. Most emergency lighting systems use a vandal-proof lens on the exit face and are secured in place with tamper-resistant screws. This is especially important in college dorms where pranks are frequent. The new laser emergency system is also easy to install. First, the laser device is easy to install, and the installer can then rotate the laser beam eye 180 degrees to point to the exit.

　　The     Emergency Light Manufacturers     stated that most, if not all, of the future of emergency lighting has adopted some form of standard related to export signs and emergency lighting. They may contain national regulations such as the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) or national building codes such as the Unified Building Code. Alternatively, they may need products tested by a third-party security certification company, such as Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL). The export mark listed as UL 924 complies with NFPA 101. In the past few years, some standards have become more stringent, but emergency lighting standards may be more stringent. Drive owners can upgrade their emergency lighting systems to more reliable LED light sources, driven by insurance companies offering lower premiums for buildings with the highest code standards.

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linsheng    explained: Metal halide lamps belong to the series of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, including mercury vapor lamps and sodium vapor lamps. Like fluorescent lamps, HID lamps generate light by exciting gas confined between a pair of electrodes, and ballasts are needed to limit current consumption and provide appropriate startup and operating voltages. If your metal halide lamp does not start or burns irregularly, there may be a problem with the ballast or bulb. Metal halide bulbs are durable, but they end up being worn.

　　step 1

　　Check the lamp - it may be loose in the socket. If this is the case, please tighten it. If you suspect that the lamp may be burnt out or defective, try replacing the lamp.

　　Step 2

　　Read the ballast specifications on the nameplate, including voltage, power and lamp type, and make sure they match the characteristics of the lamp.

　　Step 3

　　Turn off the circuit breaker that powers the lamp and tighten the connection on the ballast with a screwdriver. If the lamp has never been run, make sure the wiring matches the chart on the ballast label. Make sure the voltage supplied to the ballast is correct. Some ballasts require a 240 volt power supply, powered by two hot wires, each carrying 120 volts and connected to two separate circuit breakers on the panel.

　　Step 4

　　Look inside the ballast for the fuse fuse and replace it with a good fuse. Check the ballast output with a voltage tester. Turn on the lamp, touch the lamp to the lamp electrode, place the lamp in place, then remove the lamp and perform the same test. In both cases, you should obtain a voltage reading that is consistent with the output specified on the label.

　　Step 5

　　Disconnect or turn off all other electrical components on the same circuit as the lamp and try the lamp again. If it is turned on, the circuit may be overloaded.

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China Emergency Light      clarification: indoor emergency light is also called storage light bulb, time delay light bulb, continuous light bulb, power failure light, emergency light bulb combined with general lighting function and power failure emergency lighting function and lighting color can be designed according to different needs, with wide applicability Advantages of installation, replacement, etc.;

　　The emergency light bulb comprises: a bulb head, an outer casing, a battery, a light source, a lamp cover and an electronic control board; and an accommodating space formed by connecting the light bulb to the outer casing and then connecting the light cover, wherein the electronic control board, the battery and the light source are accommodated, and each other The electronic control board converts the AC power into a DC power source and supplies it to the light source, and the electronic control board can detect whether the AC power source reaches a true power failure, and select whether to switch the power source to the battery power source.

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Fire emergency lighting is an important part of building fire protection components, including fire emergency lights and fire emergency signs, also known as fire emergency lighting and evacuation signs. Its main function is to provide protection for personnel safety evacuation, special post work and fire fighting and rescue operations in case of normal lighting system in the event of fire. The basic requirement is that the people in the building are in any public place. The location of the safety exit and the prescribed evacuation route can be easily identified by means of a certain illumination.

　　A large number of fire cases show that public buildings are unreasonable or poorly evacuated due to unsafe evacuation facilities. It is one of the main causes of fire accidents in a group of people who cannot correctly identify or identify the location of safety exits in a fire. Therefore, whether the fire emergency luminaire can play its due role in the fire should be highly valued by us.    linsheng    combined with many years of work, according to the "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" (GB50016-2006) (hereinafter referred to as "the construction regulations"), on the application of fire emergency lighting in the building to talk about their own views.

　　I. Scope of installation of fire emergency luminaries: Article 11.3.1 of the “Regulations” stipulates: Fire emergency lighting fixtures shall be provided for the following parts of civil buildings, workshops and Class C warehouses other than residential buildings:

　　1. Close the stairwell, the smoke-proof stairwell and its front room, the front room of the fire elevator or the combined front room;

　　2. Fire control room, fire pump room, self-supplied generator room, power distribution room, smoke and smoke exhaust machine room, and other rooms that still need to work normally in case of fire;

　　3. The auditorium, the exhibition hall with a building area of ​​more than 400m2, the business hall, the multi-purpose hall, the restaurant, and the studio with a building area of ​​more than 200m2;

　　4. Public and movable rooms in underground, semi-underground buildings or basements and semi-basements with a building area of ​​more than 300 m2;

　　5. Evacuation walkways in public buildings.

　　Article 11.3.4 of the "Regulations" stipulates that public buildings, high-rise buildings (warehouses) and Class A, B and C plants shall be provided with light evacuation indication signs directly above the evacuation doors and evacuation doors for safe exits and densely populated places. Article 11.3.5 of the Regulations stipulates that: The following buildings or places shall be provided with a light evacuation indicator or a light-storage evacuation indicator on the ground of the evacuation walkway and the main evacuation route:

　　1. Exhibition buildings with a total construction area of ​​over 8,000 m2;

　　2. Above-ground shops with a total construction area of ​​over 5,000 m2;

　　3. Underground and semi-underground shops with a total construction area of ​​more than 500m2;

　　4. Song and dance entertainment screening entertainment venues;

　　5. A cinema, a theater, a gymnasium, a hall, or an auditorium with more than 1,500 seats.

　　The "Construction Regulations" separately listed the fire emergency luminaires as a chapter and comprehensively standardized. Compared with the original "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" (GBJ16-87), it significantly expanded the scope of fire emergency lighting fixtures, highlighting fire protection. For the mandatory setting of emergency sign lights, fire emergency lamps, public buildings, high-rise buildings (warehouses), and workshops other than Ding Fu shall be provided for the prescribed parts of ordinary civil buildings (except residential) and factory buildings (warehouses). The evacuation walkways, safety exits, evacuation gates, etc. are equipped with lights evacuation signs and public buildings and underground (semi-underground) shops and song and dance entertainment amusement screenings with a certain scale to add ground lights or light evacuation signs.

　　However, at present, many design units do not understand the specifications, the implementation standards are not strict, and the standard design is reduced without authorization. Attention is often paid to the design problems of personnel-intensive places and large-scale public buildings fire emergency luminaries, for multi-storey industrial plants (warehouses), ordinary Fire emergency lighting fixtures for public buildings are not designed. In particular, the addition of ground lighting or light-storage evacuation signs cannot be strictly enforced. Some fire control aircraft construction auditors, when reviewing fire protection design, due to misunderstandings in understanding and differences in the degree of understanding of the regulations, the control was not strict, resulting in many engineering fire emergency lighting fixtures not set or set in place, resulting in the project left behind Congenital" fire hazard.

　　Therefore, the design unit and the fire control agency should attach great importance to the design of fire emergency luminaries, organize personnel to strengthen the study and understanding of the norms, increase the publicity of the norms, and improve the theoretical level. Only when the design is in place and the inspection is strict, can the fire emergency luminaire play its due role in the fire.

　　Second, the effectiveness and layout of fire emergency lighting: Article 11.3.2 of the "Regulations": the illuminance of fire emergency lighting in buildings should meet the following requirements:

　　1. The lower level illumination of the ground of the evacuated walkway should not be lower than 0.5Lx;

　　2. The lower level illumination of the ground in a crowded place should not be lower than 1Lx;

　　3. The lower horizontal illumination of the stairwell should not be lower than 5Lx;

　　4, fire control room, fire pump room, self-supplied generator room, power distribution room, smoke and smoke machine room and fire emergency lighting in other rooms that still need to work normally in the event of fire, should still ensure the illumination of normal lighting.

　　Article 11.3.3 of the Regulations stipulates that fire emergency lighting fixtures should be placed on the upper part of the wall, on the ceiling or at the top of the exit. Article 11.3.4 of the Regulations stipulates that the setting of the light evacuation indicator shall comply with the following provisions:

　　1. "Safety exit" should be used as the indicator mark directly above the safety exit and evacuation door;

　　2. The light evacuation indication signs along the evacuation walkway shall be set on the wall surface of the evacuation walkway and its corner at a height of 1 m below the ground, and the distance of the light evacuation indication sign shall not exceed 20 m. For the bag-shaped walkway, Should be greater than 10 meters, in the corner of the aisle, should not be greater than 1 meter. The emergency sign lights set on the ground shall ensure that the viewing angle is continuous and the spacing shall not exceed 5 meters.

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