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Why do metal halide lamps develop pulse-starting technology? What is the principle of pulse-starting metal halides? What are the advantages? The answer    linsheng    announced

  Conventional metal halide bulbs use a probe activation technique that uses three electrodes - a starter electrode and two operating electrodes - to activate the bulb in an arc tube. When the bulb is first turned on, a discharge is generated on a small gap between the starter probe electrode and the nearby operating electrode. The electron then jumps through the arc tube to another operating electrode to help activate the bulb. Once the lamp is activated, the bimetal switch removes the starter probe electrode from the circuit. Due to the tungsten sputtering of the electrodes and the blackening of the arc tube wall, the probe-initiating metal halide undergoes lumen loss during the life of the bulb.

  Metal halide bulbs do not immediately begin to produce their full lumen output at startup because the temperature and pressure in the inner arc tube takes time to reach full operating level. It usually takes a few seconds to start the initial arc, and the warm-up time can be as long as five minutes, depending on the type of bulb. During this time, as various metal halides evaporate in the arc chamber, the bulbs exhibit different colors.

  If the power supply is interrupted, even if it is short-lived, the arc of the bulb will extinguish and the high voltage present in the thermal arc tube will prevent the arc from colliding again. The bulb needs time to cool before restarting the arc. In a typical probe starting metal halide this can be 10 to 20 minutes. The time it takes for the HID bulb to return to its full lumen output after a momentary power interruption is called a warm restart time or a warm restart. This is a problem in some lighting applications where long periods of lighting interruption can result in manufacturing downtime or safety issues. The pulse-start metal halide bulb uses a ballast with a very high operating voltage and has an instant restart capability to restart the heat bulb.

  The pulse-start metal halide bulb has no starter probe electrode. Instead, they have a high-voltage igniter that, in conjunction with the ballast, uses a series of high-voltage pulses (typically 3 to 5 kV) to start the bulb. The high voltage pulse allows the lamp to warm up and achieve full lumen output and reduce thermal re-arc time faster than the probe activates the bulb; the pulse-start metal halide bulb can be restarted in only 5-7 minutes.

  In the absence of a probe electrode, the sealing area at the end of the arc tube is reduced, which results in a reduction in heat loss. In addition, the use of an igniter with a bulb reduces tungsten sputtering by heating the electrode faster during startup; therefore, less lumen depreciation due to the tungsten blackened bulb. In addition, since the tungsten has a long residual time on the electrode, the life of the pulse-activated bulb is longer than that of the probe-starting metal halide bulb.

  Another difference between conventional metal halide bulbs and pulse-start metal halide bulbs is their degree of color shift. The probe activates the bulb with a positive or negative 300K color shift, while the pulse-activated bulb has improved color rendering and a more controllable CCT. The color shift of the pulse-activated bulb is plus or minus 100K, which is still a significant difference, but better than the probe-starting bulb.

  Pulse start technology was developed to increase lamp life while providing the energy efficiency of a high pressure sodium bulb and the desired color characteristics of a metal halide bulb. The benefits of pulse-activated bulbs include superior efficacy; faster, more reliable start-up - even at cold temperatures; longer life; and increased lumen maintenance

 

https://www.linsheng.com




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Emergency Light Manufacturers    : “Emergency lighting is connected to the building's power supply for continuous charging of internal batteries to provide backup power for lighting. This ensures that the lights remain bright during power outages, allowing passengers to evacuate buildings when they need to be evacuated Easily locate the exit."

  Emergency light assembly

  LED - LED chip emits light when powered.

  Test Button - The Test button allows a professional to simulate a power outage to test the operation of the light.

  Battery - The emergency light battery is where the power is stored when the power is turned off.

  Emergency Light Module - The Emergency Light Module provides all the operations required to power and charge the lamp.

  Enclosure - The emergency lamp housing is usually made of a variety of materials and shapes for different environments and applications.

  Charging indicator - The emergency light charging indicator is a red LED indicating that the luminaire is charging.

  Emergency Light Indicator Symbol - This symbol indicates that the luminaire is an emergency light as specified in AS2293.

  Type of emergency lighting

  There are a variety of emergency luminaires to choose from, which are usually categorized in a number of different ways, including how they operate, where they are used, and the technology used.

  Operation type:

  Maintenance - The emergency light will be permanently lit in the maintenance mode of operation.

  Non-maintenance - In the non-maintenance mode of operation, the emergency light illuminates only when the power supply is lost or controlled by the light switch.

  Battery technology:

  There are many different battery technologies in emergency lighting products. The main battery technology is:

  Lead acid

  Nickel cadmium

  Nickel - hydride

  lithium ion

  The three factors that drive the progress and development of the technology used are:

  Safety

  performance

  environmental impact

  Emergency lighting form factors:

  Exit light

  Two main lamp technologies are used in modern emergency lighting products:

  led

  LEDs provide end users with the highest light output, lowest power consumption and longest average product life for long-term cost savings.

  fluorescent

  Fluorescent lamps come in a variety of sizes, are inexpensive, consume more power, and have a shorter product life.

  Emergency lighting test technology:

  There are three main testing techniques in the foreign emergency lighting market.

  Traditional test

  Traditional accessories require technicians to test the accessories by turning off the circuit. The technician then waits for 90 minutes and checks each fixture to make sure it is still running.

  Self-test product

  Self-test products perform automated routine testing, enabling technicians to quickly collect the remaining results without causing a power outage.

  Internet product

  Network luminaires automatically perform routine tests and report the results to the central unit or the Internet. Learn more about emergency lighting solutions for EMIoT networks here.

  Click here for more information on emergency lights: https://www.linsheng.com

  Emergency Lighting Requirements Regulations:

  In emergency lighting conditions, a minimum brightness of 0.2 lux is required on the floor. Therefore, emergency light fittings are tested and specified to ensure brightness is achieved based on the height of the ceiling and the distance between each fitting.

  Based on performance, the lamps are assigned some categories from A to E and are usually classified by the axis because the light distribution is asymmetrical in all luminaires.

  https://www.linsheng.com




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((دستگاه چسب زن همزمان زیر و روی کارتن))

 

دستگاه چسب زن همزمان زیر و روی کارتن مدل GCC-200H

حمل از کنار 

مجهز به 2 عدد کارتریج پرتابل با کیفیت بالا

 تمامی رولیک ها از جنس استیل 304 میباشد 

مجهز به تابلو برق و کلید قطع اظطراری میباشد

استفاده از غلطک های ضد سایش طول عمربالای قطعات

 

 

 




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((دستگاه شرینک پک تمام اتوماتیک))

 

 مزایا:
دستگاه شرینک پک تمام اتوماتیک مدل: GC-SH-5A
مجهز به PLC زیمنس آلمان
مجهز به صفحه کنترل لمسی زیمنس آلمان 
مجهز به دو کنترل دور موتور اشنایدر الکتریک آلمان درقسمت تونل
مجهز به رله ترمو کنترل و رله SSr بابرند omronژاپن
مجهز به سیستم پنوماتیک با برند airtac تایوان
مشخصات:
ابعاد دستگاه:3700mm عرض:980mm ارتفاع:1570mm
حداقل ابعادمحصول: به طول:90mm و عرض:90mm
سرعت:حداکثر تا1700بسته درساعت
حداکثر ارتفاع محصول 120mm
برق مصرفی:سه فاز16 کیلو وات 
حداکثر عرض فیلم: 400mm
حداقل عرض فیلم:200mm
ارتفاع میز کار:780mm
وزن دستگاه:700kg

 




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((سرامیک 80*80 پولیش چینی درجه یک))

 

سرامیک 80*80 , 80*120,  1*1 درجه یک پولیش چینی.آرشاسرام با بیش از دو دهه فعالیت در زمینه ی واردات و فروش کاشی و سرامیک خارجی و ایرانی با بهترین کیفیت و درجه با همکاری کادر مجرب خود توانسته است همواره رضایت مصرف کنندگان خود را در کارنامه ی فعالیت خود داشته باشد که این مهم همواره در صدر اهدافمان قرار داشته و دارد.

 

 




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 با گوگل این رل بزنید! :)) عنوان مقاله امروزه و میخوایم توی اون ببینیم چطور میشه با گوگل وارد یک رابطه عاشقانه و تنگاتنگ شد و همچنین با احساسات اون بازی کرد!

شاید فکر کنید گوگل خیلی منطقی و ربات گونه با شما برخورد میکنه و به هیچ وجه نمیشه مخ اون رو زد ولی کاملا در اشتباه هستید. همه موجودات روی کره زمین از جمله خود گوگل یکسری نقاط ضعف دارن که با شناسایی اون ها میتونید وارد دنیاشون بشید و جولان بدید...

اما خب این قضیه یک مقدار با داستان مخ زدن آدم ها متفاوته و گوگل یکم منفعت گراست و البته جذب کسایی میشه که واقعا جذاب هستند و همه تو کف اون هان!

چقدر آدم تو کف سایت شماست؟ 

خب برای اینکه ببینید چقدر آدم تو کف شما هستند اول باید به میزان بازدید کننده هاتون نگاه کنید، بعد باید برید سراغ بک لینک هاتون و در آخر هم آتوریتی سایتتون که در واقع اعتبار سایتتون رو نشون میده و اگر معتبر نباشید این رو بدینید که خیلی میکشه تا گوگل نگاهش به سمت شما هم بیوفته... 

حالا شاید فکر کنید منظور من از بک لینک اینه که پول بدید و اون رو بخرید ولی اصلا اینجوری نیست! اینکار مثل این میمونه که اون یه دختر باشه و شما رو در حین اسرار کردن به دختر های دیگه نگاه کنه... میبینید چقدر زشته! 

ولی تصور کنید که اون باز هم یه دختره و شما رو داره با هزار تا دختر میبینه در حالی که هیچ اسراری به اون ها نکردید و اون ها هستند که میخوان با شما باشند. 

این یعنی جذابیت، این یعنی شما تونستید افراد مختلف رو به سمت خودتون بکشونید. 

چطور جذاب باشیم؟

اول راه برای اینکه جذاب باشید باید زحمت بکشید. باید صبح زود از خواب پاشید و این مزخرفات .... 

باید محتوا های خیلی خفن تولید کنید که بازدید کننده هارو اتوماتیک به سمت خودتون بکشونید و بعد هم اگر خواستید برید دنبال بک لینک و اعتبار سازی حتما اینو در نظر بگیرید که از فوق العاده ترین ها بک لینک بگیرید. 

اگر میخواید هزینه کنید مثلا هزینه کنید جنیفر لوپز بیاد باهاتون عکس بندازه یا مثلا یه سلبریتی تو ایران که خیلی خفنه و نمیشه اسمش رو آورد... 

ولی جدی این رو بهتون بگم که اصل داستان محتوای شماست هر چقدر هم تبلیغ کنید و معروف بشید اگر محتوا های عالی نداشته باشید به چشم این موججود نمیایید. 

مهارت های نویسندگی رو برید سراغش، ویدیو های با کیفیت و جذاب بزارید داخل سایتتون و نشون بدید که سایتی کامل و فوق العاده هستید. 

نیاز نیست برای به چشم گوگل اومدن یه کلید واژه رو 100 باز تو متن 200 کلمه ای تون بیارید این کارا دیگه برای 20 سال پیش بود که جواب میداد چون اون موقع هیچ کس نبود و گوگل هم نیاز داشت باید برآورده میشد به اون سایت ها نگاه می کرد الان دیگه سرش شولوغه و باید با یه رویکرد جدی و ایده آل گرا وارد این رقابت بشید وگرنه از این رل خبری نیست. 

در ادامه مطلب میخوام از یک مقاله خوب و کارآمد توی سایت خدمات سئو دات کام استفاده کنم و البته که بهش لینک میدم در انتهای اون چون این کارای محتوا پیچوندن به ما نیومده و اون سایت هم از اون جذاباس که من یکیو به خودش جلب کرده.... 

گوگل چه سایتی رو دوست داره؟

گوگل سایت هایی رو دوست داره که بتونن اون رو توی جلب رضایت کاربرانش کمک بکنند! همونطور که قبلا گفتیم وظیفه گوگل نشون دادن محتوا های با کیفیت و بدرد بخور به کاربرانشه و اگه بتونه این مهم رو به خوبی انجام بده روز به روز محبوب تر میشه و این موضوع از جهت دیگه ای هم بسیار پر اهمیت هستش، که کار این کمپانی دست و پنجه کردن با محتوا و DATAست.

گفته میشه توی چند سال آینده به سمتی خواهیم رفت که محتوا یا همون data به عنوان نفت جدید شناخته میشه و بهترین کمپانی های فعال در زمینه آی تی مثل فیس بوک،اینستاگرام، یوتویوب و …همواره سعی دارند با ارائه کردن خدمات رایگان و جذاب، کاربران فضای اینترنت رو سمت خودشون بکشند؛ همه این کار ها برای بدست آوردن اطلاعات و data هستش، که بتونن با توجه به اون ها علایق، دیدگاه ها، شرایط اقتصادی و در کل حال مردم رو به طور کامل آنالیز کنند.

این موضوع یکی از مهم ترین رویکرد های اصلی این کمپانی های بزرگ هستش که هدف همه اون ها در نهایت data و data ست.

حال با این تفاسیر بصورت کاملا علمی و با بررسی این موارد میتونیم این برداشت رو داشته باشیم که گوگل برای رسیدن به برتری در مقابل رقیب های قدرتمند خودش نیاز به data یا همون محتوا داره و به شدت سایت هایی رو که بتونند این مهم رو براش فراهم کنند، دوست داره.

همه این صحبت ها کردیم تا برسیم به اهمیت محتوا توی موفقیت در سئو؛ سایتی که بتونه بهترین و با کیفیت ترین محتوا ها رو برای کاربران گوگل فراهم کنه و بتونه این حس رو به گوگل بده که کاربرانت از من راضی هستند، سایت مورد علاقه گوگل خواهد بود.

 
 

 

خب این هم از محتوای دوست خوبمون آقای سیاوش پیری که بطور علمی این رل زدن با گوگل رو بهتون توضیح داد و منبع این مطلبش هم میزارم: 

گوگل چه سایتی را دوست دارد؟ 

امیدوارم که از این مطلب خوشتون اومده باشه و اونو دوست داشته باشید و باز هم به وبلاگ ما سر بزنید. 




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 سلام دوستان امیدوارم که حالتون خوب باشه این اولین پست من در وبلاگ سئو ترینینگ هستش که میخوام تو اون وبلاگ رو به شما معرفی کنم و بهتون بگم که میخوایم چه مطالبی رو در اینجا منتشر بکنیم. 

 اول اینکه موضوع این وبلاگ مشخصه و مربوط به سئو و بهینه سازی میشه و قراره داخل اون هم راجب موضوعات مربوط به این زمینه پرداخته بشه و البته که بیس کار آموزش های سئو هستش که با عنوان سئو ترینینگ در اختیارتون قرار خواهد گرفت. 

تمرین سئو و تست اون

علاوه بر این تست سئو و تمرین سئو موضوع دیگه ای هستش که میخوایم راجبش تو این وبلاگ صحبت بکنیم و ببینیم که آزمون خطا های مختلف در زمینه های گوگناگون سئو چه بازخوردی رو به همراه داشته و نتیجه اون چی شده!

با من همراه باشید و بدونید که مطالبی رو براتون قرار خواهم داد که صد در صد توجه تون رو جلب کنه و اگر واقعا به موضوع بهینه سازی سایت علاقه مند هستید، از اون لذت کافی رو ببرید. 

تعریف سئو

سئو علم افزایش رتبه سایت است. اما اگر این را به هر کسی بگویید، در جواب می گوید که خب که چی!؟ افزایش رتبه سایت به چه درد ما میخوره!؟ خوبه هاااا ولی این شغلته واقعا؟ یعنی اندازه یک شغل این موضوع رتبه سایت اهمیت داره؟

البته این حرف ها را الان دیگر هر کسی به زبان نمی آورد چون در دانشگاه ها و کسب و کار های جدی با مفهوم سئو آشنا می شوند و متوجه خواهند شد که چرا این داستان به عنوان یک شغل مطرح شده و افراد بسیار به دنبال یادگیری آن هستند.

جایگاه سئو در سایت

ببینید بطور کلی سایت هایی که با هدف گرفتن مشتری، فروش بیشتر یا تبلیغات موثر پیاده سازی می شوند، بدون سئو یه هیچ نتیجه ای نخواهند رسید.

و شما میتوانید حتی به مشتریان خود اینطور بگویید که اگر سایت زدید که با آن فروشتان را بیشتر کنید و نمیخواهید سئو انجام دهید، صادقانه پول خود را به سطل آشغال ریخته اید. ( البته اگر با همین لحن به او بگویید او حتما سئو انجام می دهد ولی با شخصی غیر از شما! )

سایت همانند یک دفتر یا یک مغازه است که هر چقدر داخل آن زیبا، قیمت مناسب، کامل و ... باشد، در صورتی که در دید رس مشتریان خود قرار نگیرد، هیچ فایده ای نخواهد داشت.

سئو این مغازه را از یک محله دور افتاده در شهر، به بهترین و پر رفت و آمد ترین جای شهر منتقل می کند.

یعنی در واقع بیلبورد شما برای دیده شدن در اینترنت، سئو است.

افزایش رتبه یعنی همین!

سایت هایی که در کلمه کلیدی مربوط به خود، در رتبه های 7 به پایین باشند، میتوانند از این موضوع اطمینان کسب کنند که در این بازار مشتری گرفتن از سایت برای آن ها بسیار دشوار خواهد بود و در خیلی مواقع هم نشدنی!

دقت کنید گفتم رتبه 8 به پایین یعنی حتی صفحه اول بودن هم کافی نیست و باید برای گرفتن آن بازخورد مطلوب، به 3 رتبه اول فکر کنید.

این موضوع بدی حضور در فضای اینترنت و بخصوص ویترین گوگل است که فقط در این ویترین 5، 6 رتبه اول بیشتر دیده می شوند ولی خیلی هم دیده می شوند! این نکته هم قابل تامل است.

گوگل مثل یک خیابان بلند نیست که مشتریان را در کل مغازه های آن خیابان تقسیم کند؛ بلکه مشتریان در این خیابان بسیار تویل، تنها جذب 5، 6 مغازه اول می شوند.

اینجاست که ما به سراغ یادگیری سئو می رویم و سعی می کنیم اصول و فنون آن را بیاموزیم و سایتمان را با آن به بهترین نتایج گوگل برسانیم و از آن بازخورد شگفت انگیز در کسب و کار خودمان بهترین بهره را ببریم.

 



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At some point in your life, you may have seen (or experienced) the beginning of a car jump. In general, this is done by jumper cables, many drivers carry them with them, and use a vehicle with a healthy battery to jump up another vehicle with a depleted battery. But today, there are more modern jump start methods and some new technologies that make it safer than using jumper cables or even battery chargers. But there are also disadvantages. Let    jump start manufacturers     analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using the mini jumper starter on your vehicle battery.

  Type of jump starter

  Before going into the pros and cons, let's discuss the type of jump starter there, so you can understand exactly what the mini jump starter is. The most basic jumper starter is the standard jumper cable. The jumper uses the battery of another car to charge your car. There is also a battery charger that usually takes a while to start up - especially if the battery is dead. Finally, there is the unit we are evaluating here - the mini jump starter.

  The advantages of the mini jump starter

  Mini jumper starters are also safer than jumpers and battery chargers because they are typically designed to start a dead vehicle battery. Battery chargers may have more amplifiers and may be more dangerous. In addition, mini jumper starters typically have built-in security features, such as a reverse polarity alarm that tells you when to connect the wrong cable, some of which are even connected to your battery, but plugged into the vehicle's 9 volt connection.

  The mini jump starter is reasonably priced. You can usually find a variety of styles and features, which in turn offer a variety of prices, but most are very affordable, especially considering the benefits they provide for stranded drivers, and if they have more cost, they may spend More called a mechanic to get their car back on the road. The mini jumper starter is actually as affordable as the battery charger and jumper, but many people don't know this fact. You can find a mini jump starter starting at about $30.

  There are still some features to consider. This is one of the main advantages of the Mini Jumper Enabler, which is that the battery charger and jumper are just not. One of the many jumper starters is the LED light, which allows you to connect the jump starter to the battery in the dark without compromising your safety. In addition, many mini jumper starters on the market have USB plugs and some extra battery life for emergency situations - even in an emergency - you can use them to charge your smartphone, tablet or even laptop . Some quick launchers charge your smartphone multiple times while still maintaining enough juice to start your car in an emergency, and you can charge your device at home anytime.

  One of the biggest advantages of mini jumper starters over other devices is that they provide you with multiple jump starts on a single charge. We still recommend that you check your device after it has been placed for a few weeks, but the main benefit of this is that it may still be effective - multiple times - even if you have placed it in the car for months or years. This makes the Mini Jump Launcher one of the most useful tools.

  Mini jump starter

  Of course, having a mini jump starter also has some drawbacks. One of them is that their battery capacity may be lower than some larger devices (such as battery chargers), and you can't use them on all types of vehicles. Some mini jumper starters on the market have only about 2150 mAh, but have more expensive models, 12,000 or higher mAh.

  There are some inevitable results, they are small enough in a glove box or wallet - they are easy to lose. If they happen to end up on the floor of the vehicle and step on them, they are also quite fragile. However, the advantages of the mini jump starter far outweigh the disadvantages.

  Decided to buy a mini jump starter

  So, you have to decide if you want to get a mini jump starter. There are some very reliable reasons. In an emergency, you will have something that will allow you to start your car without waiting for AAA or someone using a jumper, but you can also charge your smartphone or other device, even in an emergency. Very useful. There are several disadvantages to having a mini jump starter, but they are greatly exceeded by good things. In the end, you will have to decide if it is worth your peace of mind on the road.

 

 

https://www.linsheng.com




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linsheng    said: The ignition system is designed to convert the battery voltage to the high voltage required to ignite the air/fuel charge in the cylinder. SAE defines two basic types of ignition systems: Electronic Ignition (EI) and Distributor Ignition (DI). Although both types are electronic types, SAE only assigns the term "electronic ignition" to a no-distributor design. In contrast, Dispenser Ignition (DI) is a term applied to systems that use caps and rotors to provide secondary energy to the spark plug.

  Ignition system basis

  The ignition system consists of primary and secondary circuits. The primary circuit is the low voltage part of the system, including the battery, ignition switch, primary coil windings, trigger mechanism and switching device. The trigger mechanism detects the crankshaft position and passes this information directly to the ECM or the ignition control module. Depending on the system, magnetic sensors and magnetoresistors, Hall effect sensors and shutter wheels, or slotted discs and photosensors can be used. The switching device controls the ground side of the primary coil winding based on the crankshaft signal and other sensor inputs (eg, ECT, IAT, etc.). The secondary circuit is the high voltage portion of the ignition system, including the secondary coil windings and spark plugs. The additional secondary components required to distribute the high pressure energy vary depending on the type of system. For example, in conventional dispenser ignition systems, the cover, rotor and high voltage lines are used to transfer coil energy to the plug. However, in a splitterless design, such as coil plugs (COP), caps, rotors and wires are eliminated. When current flows through the primary winding of the ignition coil, it creates a magnetic field around the winding. Once the current is interrupted by the switching device (ie, the ignition control module and/or ECM), the magnetic field collapses and induces voltage into the windings. This "primary voltage" reaches several hundred volts. At the same time, the collapsed magnetic field induces a voltage into the secondary winding. Since the secondary winding is composed of a plurality of thin wires, the "secondary voltage" is measured in units of kilovolts (kV) compared to the several heavy wires used in the primary. Producing enough secondary voltage to trigger the plug ultimately depends on the condition of the primary circuit. This means that there must be a low resistance path from the battery through the dosing ignition switch to the coil and switching device. Excessive voltage drops at any point along the path can cause problems from misfire to no-start conditions.

  Hall effect sensor

  Many EI and DI systems use Hall effect sensors to detect crankshaft position. The device has three cables, including external power, signal and ground. The sensor is triggered by a thin metal ring called the shutter wheel. On the DI system, the shutter wheel is splined to the dispenser shaft. On vehicles with EI, it is part of the crankshaft damper. The shutter wheel consists of a series of blades that pass through a narrow area of ​​the sensor. The blade can be thought of as a door, and the space between the blades can be thought of as a window. When the window is inside the Hall effect sensor, the sensor pulls the signal circuit low (near zero volts). When the door is inside the sensor, the sensor is turned off and the signal circuit rises close to the supply voltage. The rotation of the shutter wheel produces a digital (ON / OFF) signal, and the ECM is used to adjust the coil stay and spark timing.

  Permanent magnet (PM) sensor

  The PM sensor consists of a soft iron core surrounded by a thin coil. Unlike Hall effect devices, PM sensors generate their own voltages based on their proximity to the rotating wheel (reluctance). Depending on the engine, the magnetoresistor can be mounted at the end of the crankshaft or as part of the crankshaft. As the magnetoresistor rotates past the sensor, it changes the density of the magnetic field radiated from the sensor tip. This results in an AC (alternating current) voltage that varies in proportion to the engine speed. Since the ECM is a digital computer, the AC signal must be adjusted before it can be used for rpm calculations. This is done by an analog to digital converter located inside the ECM.

  Although not as popular as Hall effect or permanent magnet sensors, optical triggering is another technique used in some ignition systems. With this method, the slotted disk rotates between a pair of light emitting diodes (LEOs) and phototransistors. Depending on the application, the outer diameter of the disc may contain 360 slots, each slot corresponding to a crankshaft rotation, or 350 1 degree slots and a 10 degree synchronization slot. These slots provide high resolution signals to the ECM for precise fuel and spark timing control. The interior of the disc contains a slot for each engine cylinder that provides a low resolution (piston position) signal. On the system in which the synchronization groove is used on the outer diameter of the disk, the inner groove has the same size. However, on systems with 360 degree 1 degree slots near the edge of the disc, the inner slots are asymmetrical to provide cylinder identification. Optical sensors are typically powered by battery voltage, while phototransistors control two 5 volt signal circuits from the ECM. When the slot passes between the LEO and the phototransistor, the beams from the LEO are alternately interrupted. When the light beam from the LED illuminates the phototransistor, the transistor is turned on. This causes the 5 volt signal to be pulled low. When the beam is blocked by the rotating disk, the transistor is turned off, which causes the signal voltage to go high (5 volts).

  Waste flame ignition

  Waste spark ignition is a dispenserless system that uses a separate coil to ignite a pair of spark plugs. The coils and plugs are grouped according to the "concomitant cylinders", which is the term applied to cylinders where the piston is at the top dead center. For example, in a typical V6, cylinders 1 / 4, 2 / 5 and 3/6 are companions. When a piston is at TDC during the compression stroke, the piston accompanying the cylinder is at TDC during the exhaust stroke. The cylinders on the compression stroke are referred to as "event" cylinders, while the cylinders on the exhaust stroke are referred to as "exhaust gas" cylinders. Each coil and its connected wires and spark plugs form a series circuit. When the coil is discharged, current flows through a spark plug (center electrode to ground electrode) in a normal manner. To complete the circuit, the current flows in the opposite direction through the opposite plug (ground electrode to center electrode). Although the plugs are fired simultaneously, most of the available energy is applied to the "event" cylinder. This is because the resistance in the cylinder is small during the exhaust stroke. When the cylinder is reversed, current flows through the spark plug along the same path. However, most of the secondary voltage is applied to the opposing cylinders as it is now in the compression stroke.

  Direct ignition

  Direct ignition is a general term used to describe a system that uses a separate coil for each cylinder. On some engines, the coil is mounted on the rocker cover and connected to the spark plug using a short cable. In the Coil-Over-Plug system, the coil is mounted directly on top of the spark plug. This design minimizes the secondary resistance by eliminating the plug wire.

  Ignition waveform analysis

  As mentioned earlier, generating sufficient secondary voltage depends on the correct operation of the primary circuit. Since the primary waveform cannot be obtained from the distributorless ignition system and since any problems in the primary coil will occur in the secondary line, analysis of the secondary waveform is sufficient for diagnostic purposes.

  Shooting section

  The ignition waveform can be decomposed into three specific regions, including the ignition zone, the intermediate zone, and the dwell zone. The emitting portion begins with a high vertical spike called the "emission line." The emission line occurs at an instant interruption of the primary current (the magnetic field of the coil collapses). The height of the ignition wire (ignition kV) depends on the level of secondary resistance in the circuit. For example, if 12kV is required to overcome all of the resistance in the first cylinder, the coil must generate 12,000 volts to create a spark. However, if the secondary resistance exceeds the maximum output of the coil, the cylinder will misfire. Simply put, the ignition kV is the amount of voltage required to initiate a combustion event. In general, the difference in ignition kV between the lowest and highest cylinders should not exceed 20%. Any ignition voltage outside this range indicates a problem with this particular cylinder. If the ignition kV of all cylinders is too high or too low, look for problems that affect all cylinders, such as open coils (DI systems), or excessive air/fuel ratio imbalances (DI and EI systems). Please note that when analyzing the ignition wire in the waste spark system, you will notice that the ignition voltage changes between half of the cylinders exceeds 20%. This is because the reverse ignition plug requires a larger secondary energy than the positive ignition plug. Therefore, the ignition kV of the negative cylinder is usually 20% higher than that of the positive cylinder. Once the spark begins, the horizontal line will appear approximately three-quarters of the position on the firing line. This is called the spark line. The height on the voltage scale corresponding to the spark line is called the "combustion voltage." The combustion voltage represents the energy required to maintain the flow of current on the plug electrodes. The duration of the spark is called the "burning time" and depends on the amount of secondary resistance and coil reserve. Under normal conditions, a functioning coil can hold current for at least 2 milliseconds, which is critical for good combustion. Please note that the launch kV is inversely proportional to the burn time. This means that any increased kV demand will result in a shorter burn time and vice versa. For example, if an injector leaks, the affected cylinders will run too much. Since the fuel is more conductive than air, the added fuel will lower the secondary resistance. Therefore, the ignition kV will be lower and the burning time will be longer. The opposite happens if the injector is restricted. Lean mixtures will result in increased resistance, resulting in higher kV demand and shorter burn times. High internal resistance, such as lean mixture or excessive EGR, will cause the spark line to tilt upward. This is because these conditions increase the need for combustion voltage. As you can see, observing the spark line can pinpoint the problems that affect each cylinder. If all spark lines look irregular, look for problems that may affect all cylinders as well. For example, if all of the spark lines are tilted up, the increased resistance may be the result of low fuel pressure or excess EGR.

  Intermediate part

  When looking at the middle part of the waveform, you should see a series of decreasing oscillations representing the residual coil energy. Although the main circuit is still open during this time, there is not enough energy in the coil to maintain the spark. This residual energy is gradually dissipated between the switching device and the coil. Under normal conditions, there will be three to four coil oscillations after the combustion event. Note, however, that the more voltage is required to start and sustain the spark, the less energy is left after that. Therefore, if the ignition kV or the combustion voltage is too high, the oscillation of the intermediate portion will decrease. If the middle portion shows less than normal coil oscillations and the ignition and spark lines look normal, the coil is likely to be shorted. The less the oscillation, the less residual energy due to the weakening of the magnetic field. The most likely symptom of a coil short circuit is a misfire under load or a hard start cold because the secondary resistance is highest under these conditions.

  Stay section

  Once the coil energy is completely exhausted, the dwell portion begins. A sharp downward spike indicates that the switching transistor is turned on to initiate the primary current. The few oscillations seen at the beginning of the dwell period are the result of a phenomenon known as "inductive reactance." In short, this is the normal condition of the coil against sudden changes in current. Therefore, there is a slight delay before the primary current reaches its maximum level. Once the ignition module or ECM determines that the coil is saturated enough, it begins to limit the primary current. This is indicated by the slight hump seen near the end of the dwell period.

https://www.linsheng.com




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At some point in your life, you may need to start your vehicle. Although cars are more advanced than ever, they still rely on batteries and (most) gasoline engines. These batteries will run out or fail from time to time. Often, starting a vehicle is the key to returning to the road. So, what kind of jump starter do you want? With all the options, it's hard to choose, especially if you're just learning the jump launcher. This is the purpose of the    jump start manufacturers     to organize this guide to help you understand the key factors in purchasing a jump starter.

  1JUMP STARTER type you want

  The first thing he has to decide is what type of jump starter you want. There are three basic types of devices for jumper starters. The first is a set of jumpers, the second is a battery charger, and the third is a portable jumper. The third is what we will focus on in this guide because they are the most convenient, safest, and most affordable. But from there you have to choose the portable jump starter you want, which is where things get a bit complicated.

  2 The amount you need to pay

  Perhaps the first thing you want to decide is how much you want to spend on a portable jump starter. The budget you have will determine most of the content of the jump starter you get - size, functionality and general quality. You shouldn't spend extra money on your jump starter unless you actually get the value from it, but you don't get the cheapest thing you can find. Make a cautious, informed decision to provide you with the best value for money.

  3. Size of JUMP STARTER

  The size of the jump starter you choose will be very important. The portable jumper starter comes in several different sizes, so make sure it's small enough so you can put it in your glove box, under the seat or where you don't want to store it. This is why size is not the only important factor - the shape needs to be taken into account. Size also affects prices, so you need to view them at the same time.

  4 charging specifications

  You also need to check the charging specifications, but this is relatively simple. You basically want to make sure that the jump starter you choose has enough amplifiers to be able to start your vehicle effectively. Some people worry that their jump starter has a larger maximum amperage than the one needed to start the battery, but you don't have to worry about it. Just make sure there is enough. Your battery will automatically pull the appropriate amount of power from your jump starter instead of it.

  5. Safeguards included

  You also need to make sure to check the security measures that come with the jump starter. For example, if you incorrectly connect a cable, some jumper launchers will actually sound an alarm or turn off the power. This is very useful for people who use jump starters and is ultimately safer.

  6 other functions

  You also want to know about other features of the jump starter you are considering. There are many different useful features, some of which may be more useful than others. Check out the various beginners at the time of purchase and find out what makes the most sense for you. Features such as LED lighting, a charging indicator and a USB plug allow you to charge your phone, tablet or other device, all of which are very useful. Some chargers are also equipped with an air compressor, which you can also use to inflate the vehicle.

  There are also the security features mentioned in the previous paragraph. When choosing a jumper starter, you should consider both types of features - safety and convenience.

  7 warranty

  Another factor is the warranty. Most jump starters offer some kind of warranty, but you need to read the rules carefully before purchasing. Make sure you can return to your jump launcher or replace it if it fails within the first few years of owning it. Most jumper starters have a reasonable warranty, but some products are manufactured badly, so the warranty period is short or severely restricted.

  8 customer reviews

  Finally, you want to see customer reviews. Customer reviews can tell you how to understand the product. They can tell you what works and what doesn't, and alert you to any issues not mentioned in the manufacturer's description. Be sure to check online for any products you purchase - especially the Jump Launcher - and make sure you check both sides and read some positive and negative comments. The Q&A sections of Amazon and other retailers are often also useful because they may suggest questions that you haven't even thought about.

  The bottom line here is that you need to pay attention to a lot of things when buying a jump starter. Just like everything else, you need to be vigilant and research the product carefully before buying. Fortunately, the internet makes this easy and allows you to quickly compare two or more jump launchers. Your decision will come down to how much you value each part discussed here and what you are looking for in the jump launcher. There are good products on the market, so be sure to choose one of them.

  https://www.linsheng.com




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